Overview mechanisms 4. jaimee_lyne; Subjects. BACTERIAL GENETICS AND GENE TRANSFER. It, In addition to IHF, a protein called Fis is, All of these proteins bind to sites on the P and, The reverse of integration happens upon induction, induction actually involves RecA. The movement of genetic material between two organisms. APIdays Paris 2019 - Innovation @ scale, APIs as Digital Factories' New Machi... No public clipboards found for this slide. General awareness of cancer and statistic of severity in India, Customer Code: Creating a Company Customers Love, Be A Great Product Leader (Amplify, Oct 2019), Trillion Dollar Coach Book (Bill Campbell). Rapid cladogenesis. The movement of genetic material between two organisms. REQUIRED READINGS Here is what you need to read, in addition to the PowerPoint… The rate of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between species of microorganisms is thought to be higher for genes located in gene clusters, which often encode all of the enzymatic, regulatory, and transport‐related steps required for a metabolic pathway to function in a single genomic locus. jaimee_lyne. They are all artistically enhanced with visually stunning color, shadow and lighting effects. Cost of Transformation ... - The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria Chapter 18 Microbial Model Systems Viruses Obligate Intracellular Parasites The Discovery of Viruses: Scientific Inquiry TMV ... - Title: Life: The Science of Biology, 8e Last modified by: Sinauer Created Date: 10/16/2000 7:08:56 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show. OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR. Horizontal transfer in eukaryotic evolution. was required ... - Millions of progeny in a short time. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Horizontal gene transfer is the movement of genetic information. Horizontal gene transfer can be defined as the transmission of genetic material between evolutionary lineages by some means other than fertilization. The transfer of genetic information from one genome to another. PPT – Recombination, Bacteriophages, and Horizontal Gene Transfer PowerPoint presentation | free to view - id: 3c01b4-NTExO, The Adobe Flash plugin is needed to view this content. If. (review the five points in the powerpoint discussion) Why is there such a strong correlation between genome size and gene number among prokaryotes? via HGT New genes may benefit/hinder organism’s chance forsurvival May foster evolutionary change elongatum genome likely came from an Epichloë fungus through horizontal gene transfer. What is Horizontal Gene Transfer. Horizontal Gene Transfer What does gene order tell us about the frequency of genome … jaimee_lyne ***** 52 Terms. CrystalGraphics 3D Character Slides for PowerPoint, - CrystalGraphics 3D Character Slides for PowerPoint. Fashion / Story / Tune. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) contributes to the evolution of bacteria. [Figure][3] Fhb7 confers FHB resistance by detoxifying trichothecenes. This process is of high interest because it can drive functional innovation through the introduction of novel genes and pathways [ 1 Horizontal gene transfer refers to the process in which genetic material is transferred between unrelated individuals. Synechococcus are among the most abundant and widely distributed picocyanobacteria on earth. Microbiology Chapter 8 41 Terms. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. presentations for free. - CrystalGraphics offers more PowerPoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. The first, the continual horizontal transfer hypothesis, is shown in Fig. 9(8):605-18. Review. vertical gene transfer v horizontal gene transfer horizontal-passing genes to your neighbor, from one bacteria to the next vertical gene transfer-passing it to your child, who passes it on to his child. Assistant Professor They, The receptors are on the bacteria for other, The phage sheath shortens from 24 rings to 12, This causes the central tube to push through the, The baseplate contains the protein gp5 with, PRD1 phage attaches to a surface receptor by a, As a result of the binding a tubular structure is, Penetration of the membrane tube is made by the, E. coli RNA polymerase starts transcribing, The early m RNA direct the synthesis of proteins, Some early virus specific enzymes degrade host, HMC is needed for synthesis instead of cytosine, HMC must be glucosylated by the addition of, When multiple coies have been made enzymes join, When several untis are linked together this forms, Proteins involved in cell lysis and release, The base plate requires 12 protein products, The capside requires scaffolding proteins for, Many phages lyse their host cells at the end of, Interference with the synthesis of the bacterial, PhiX 174 produces a lytic enzyme that interfers, The attachment of the bacterophage is also, The irreversible binding results in the sheath, When the irreversible attachment has been made, Lytic phages or virulent phages enter the, The bacteriophages may be seen inside or outside, The phages take over the cells machinery and, Later mRNAs are required for the synthesis of, The bacteriophage sub units accumulate in the, The viruses escape to invade other bacterial cells, Phage infection and lysis can easily be detected, Typically bacterial cells are cultured in high, Phage infection and lysis can be seen as a clear, The plaque produced by Lambda had a different, It is considered to be turbid rather than clear, The turbidiy is the result of the growth of phage, The agar surface contains a ratio of about a, After several lytic cycles the MOI gets higher, http//www.cat.cc.md.us/courses/bio141/lecguide/un, As a part of the lytic cycle, the phage cuts the, This fragmentation prevents the expression of, Nucleotides can be used to make phage DNA, Occasionally these DNA fragments are about the, They become mistakenly packaged into phage, The most common type is the classic model of the, The DNA molecule is injected into a bacterium, In a short period of time, after a brief period, A phage DNA molecule typically a replica of the, As the bacterium continue to grow and multiply, It exists as an independently replicating entity, A bacteriophage that can exist as a lytic or, A bacterium containing a full set of phage genes, The process of infecting a bacterial culture with, A bacterial cell or lysogen cannot be reinfected, This is resistance to superinfection is called, More than 90 of the bacteriophages are temperate, These are unable to produce bursts such as T4 and, Ds DNA linear then circularizes when it enters, Molecular biology workhorse because of its life, Only 7 are nonessential to both the lytic and, Genes are clustered according to function, Regulatory genes act at specific site on the DNA, Lysogenic conversion can lead to virulence, Botulism, cholera,and diptheria toxins are, In order for the lambda prophage to exist in a, It is inserted into the E. coli chromosome, The site of attachment is specific just for the, cI the lambda repressor, when present and, cII is a positive regulator of cI synthesis. You can change your ad preferences anytime. Horizontal. etc. This assignment will help you better understand the microbial genetics of vertical and horizontal gene transfer. Loreto EL, Carareto CM, Capy P. 2008. Horizontal vs. Vertical gene transfer 3. Horizontal gene transfer. Genetic Recombination in Bacteria and Gene mapping By Mr. K.C.More Assistant Professor Department of Botany SGB Amravati University, Amravati (MS) India. plasmid to recipient, When the F is then transferred to another, The bacterium may contain genomic copies of a, As a result the situation is a partial diploid, Merozygotes have been extremely beneficial in the, used to map relative location of bacterial genes, based on observation that chromosome transfer, Hfr x F- mating interrupted at various intervals, order and timing of gene transfer determined, Map distance can be determined by replating the, leu exconjugants by plating them on medium, The map distance is equal to the recombination, Characterization of the Escherichia coli F factor, WC Nelson, BS Morton, EE Lahue and SW Matson, Tra Y gene codes for the protein binds to the Ori, Initiates the transfer of plasmid across the, Tra I Gene is a helicase responsible for the, strand-specific transesterification (relaxase), Key players are the proteins that initiate the, They nick the DNA and open it to begin the, Working in conjunction with the helicases they, Uptake of naked DNA molecule from the environment, May be important route of genetic exchange in, Transformation done in laboratory with species, expressed as frequency of cotransformation, if two genes close together, greater likelihood, There are 5subtypes of the diarrheagneic strainsd, The pathogenicity of the strains has been traced, Sixteen sections of this pathogenic strain differ, Within sections of the DNA and these large, The G-C content varies from the lab strain, The 4.1 kb common backbone sequence mainly, There are 98 copies of IS elements within this, More interesting O 157 also contains 18 remnants, Among the 18 prophage remnants on O157 12, They all contain a variety of deletions and or, Some of the phages are so similar that they, It is believed that the phages have undergone, Recombination could occur with in a single cell, It could occur as the result of recombination, The A C genes coding for these toxins were, In addition the genes contributed by the phages, There are 15 prophages that have been identified, These prophages belong to the group Siphoridae, In both strep and staph the prophage is found, Inject themselves into a host bacterial cell, Take over the host machinery and utilize it for, Phage life cycles studied by Luria and Delbruck, It is a tube through which the nucleic acid is, In the more complex phages the tail is surrounded, Many bacteriophages have a base plate and tail, The spherical phage (PhiX174, G4, S13) are, The capsid is icosahedral not helical and is not, Their genome consists of a circular ssDNA. The PowerPoint PPT presentation: "Recombination, Bacteriophages, and Horizontal Gene Transfer" is the property of its rightful owner. Sequence homologies between fungal and plant Fhb7 suggested that horizontal gene transfer may help to shape plant genomes. A long-term advantage may occasionally be conferred by occasional instances of horizontal gene transfer also called lateral gene transfer, (which might result from non-homologous recombination after competence is induced), that could provide for antibiotic resistance or other advantages. mcalpine18. The overall structure can be represented as POP'. The Parallel between Transfer of Information via Memes and Horizontal Gene Transfer. Department of Botany DNA which bears functional genes are exchanged among organisms causing the change in their genomic composition. Other relatives of PhiX174 are G4 and S13. - Horizontal Gene Transfer and Genetic ... occurs when prophage is incorrectly excised Specialized transduction Recombination and Genome Mapping in Viruses viral ... | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view. Evidence of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) was initially observed as early as 1928 (Griffith, 1928 ) when virulence was shown to be transferred between pneumococcal strains in mice. ! It can occur in two types named vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. 2 HGT in Eukaryotes. if cII is degraded quickly, cro will build up, whether cII is degraded or not depends on the, att an E.coli seqence for the "attachment" or, oriC E.coli's origin of Chromosome replication, gal E.coli's gene for galactose utilization, The E. coli chromosome contains one site at which, The site is only 30 bp in size and contains a, The structure of the recombination site was, The bacteriophage recombination site - attP - is. Due to these islands, ExPEC have properties to colonize and invade its hosts efficiently. and Xis, which is an excisionase. All extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) harbour pathogenicity islands (PAIs), however relatively little is known about the acquisition of these PAIs. Vertical gene transf… Cassettes exist as small DNA circles that don't replicate or get transcribed. If so, share your PPT presentation slides online with PowerShow.com. Cells were plated onto medium and tested for prototrophy, that is, are they 'cured? The development of high-throughput sequencing tools and more sophisticated genomic and proteomic techniques in recent years has resulted in a better understanding of this phenomenon. To view this presentation, you'll need to allow Flash. The three mechanisms involved in horizontal gene transfer are transformation, transduction, and bacterial conjugation. NAMES 78 Terms. Its genome of 5386 bp coded for 11 genes, The coding frames for 7 proteins overlap A is a, B is coded within A in a different reading frame, K is encoded in a third reading frame at the end. cell can transfer F? Current opinion in genetics & development, 19(6), 613-619. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) drives the evolution of bacteria. ... - Bacterial Genetics Review Genome ... Transduction Bacterial DNA is transferred via a virus -Bacteriophage Virulent phages lytic cycle Generalized transduction Any gene ... - From Gene to Protein DNA is in the nucleus Messenger RNA comes into the nucleus and makes a copy of the section of DNA needed. Horizontal gene transfer, also called lateral gene transfer, the transmission of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) between different genomes. Skill ... ethnic ... - Title: Microbial Genetics Author: Hussein El Ebiary Last modified by: helebiary Created Date: 6/15/2007 3:31:00 AM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3). Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. This hypothesis implies that horizontal gene transfer of operational genes is a far more important factor in … They'll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance - the kind of sophisticated look that today's audiences expect. Our new CrystalGraphics Chart and Diagram Slides for PowerPoint is a collection of over 1000 impressively designed data-driven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. 2. It's FREE! There are three “classical" methods of DNA transfer in nature: bacterial conjugation, natural transformation, and transduction (von Wintersdorff et al., 2016). gene transfer in bacteria its concept and its mechanism explained by using practical examples in a simple language. We found one small plasmid and three novel integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) which carry different combinations of resistance genes. 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